The outer layer of power cables is usually made of rubber or a synthetic rubber blend, providing both insulation and protection from physical damage.
In high-voltage cables, there's an additional resin-like filling inside, crucial for insulation. This layer is vital for high-voltage insulation, whereas low-voltage cables do not include this filling. Inside the cables, ribbon-like materials secure each core and fill any gaps to maintain structure.
The shielding layer in power cables has two primary functions:
Power cables carry large currents, generating magnetic fields. The shielding layer helps contain these fields within the cable, preventing interference with nearby components and systems.
The shielding layer also provides grounding protection. If the cable core is damaged and leaks current, the shielding layer directs the leaked current to the ground, ensuring safety.
In control cables, the shielding layer works similarly but is especially crucial in environments like computer systems. It protects the cables from external electromagnetic interference, which is vital since the low currents in control cables are particularly susceptible to such interference.
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